疾病描述:
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1.病原概述
病原型別:病毒
病原環境:淡水、 淡鹹水及 海水
學名:Oncorhynchus masou virus
病名(及俗名):Oncorhynchus masou virus disease, OMVD, OMV
最早發現者:最早由Kimura 等(1981)發現。
OIE狀況:未表列(Not listed)
病原摘要:
本病毒一般稱為Oncorhynchus masou virus (OMV),目前暫定於Herpesviridae科。本病毒為具有封套、20面體、大小120-200 nm、 dsDNA病毒。本病毒抗原性與出現在美國西岸的herpesvirus of Salmonidae type 1(SalHV-1)不同。暫定為 Salmonid herpesvirus 2; SalHV-2。
人畜共通:否
2.病原分類
位於Herpesviridae科
別名:Yamame tumour virus (YTV), Nerka virus Towada Lake, Akita and Amori prefecture (NeVTA), coho salmon tumour virus (CSTV), Oncorhynchus kisutch virus (OKV), coho salmon herpesvirus (CSHV), rainbow trout kidney virus (RKV), or rainbow trout herpesvirus (RHV)
命名沿革: Mykiss
3.疾病特性:
(感染組織及器官:感染路徑、好發組織器官、宿主)
感染宿主為撒克愛鮭kokanee (sockeye) salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), 櫻鱒masou salmon (O. masou), 狗鮭chum salmon (O. keta), 銀鮭coho salmon (O. kisutch)及虹鱒 rainbow trout (O.Mykiss)。主要的感染組織為微血管內皮細胞、造血組織及肝。
疾病型態及流行病學:(急性或慢性型態、器官傳播分佈情形)
水平感染主要靠污染到糞便、體表腫瘤、皮膚黏液的餌料或水源經口而經水源造成。感染倖存的魚會產生中和抗體,但持續排毒汙染到魚卵外殼,造成下一代的感染。病毒感染溫度需低於14度C以下;主要感染一月齡以下的小魚。目前僅發生在日本。
臨床症狀及病理學:
臨床上本病毒感染微血管內皮細胞、脾及肝臟;引起全身水腫及出血。一個月大的魚最敏感;感染後四個月後倖存的魚有些在嘴四周會出現上皮腫瘤,偶而也會在尾鰭
、鰓蓋及體表出現。腫瘤可能會持續一年。一年大的銀鮭慢性感染時則會出現皮膚潰瘍、肝有白色壞死點、嘴巴及體表出現腫瘤。虹鱒感染較少出現外觀症狀,但常會出血、肝出現白點狀。
病原致病性意義:(實際魚場及田間發病、抗藥性等情形)
感染魚出現高死亡率。
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參考文獻:
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1.Aso Y., Wani J. Aso Y., Wani J., Klenner D.A.S. & Yoshimizu M. (2001). Detection and identification of Oncorhynchus masou virus (OMV) disease by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Bull. Fish. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., 52, 111-116.
2.Hayashi Y., Izawa H., Mikami T. & Kodama H. (1993). A monoclonal antibody cross-reactive with three salmonid herpesviruses. J. Fish Dis., 16, 479-486.
3.Hedrick R.P., McDowell T.S., Eaton W., Kimura R. & Sano T. (1987). Serological relationships of five herpesvirus isolated from salmonid fishes. J. Ichthyol., 3, 87-92.
4.Kimura T. & Yoshimisu M. (1989). Salmon herpesvirus: OMV, Oncorhynchus masou virus. In: Viruses of Lower Vertebrates, Ahne W. & Kurstak E., eds. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 171-183.
5.Kimura T., Yoshimisu M. & Tanaka M. (1981). Studies on a new virus (OMV) from Oncorhynchus masou II. Oncogenic nature. Fish Pathol., 15, 149-153.
6.Kimura T., Yoshimisu M. & Tanaka M. (1983). Susceptibility of different fry stages of representative salmonid species to Oncorhynchus masou virus (OMV). Fish Pathol., 17, 251-258 (in Japanese).
7.Kimura T., Yoshimisu M., Tanaka M. & Sannohe H. (1981). Studies on a new virus (OMV) from Oncorhynchus masou I. Characteristics and pathogenicity. Fish Pathol., 15, 143-147.
8.Lannan C.N., Winton J.R. & Fryer J.L. (1984). Fish cells: Establishment and characterization of nine cell lines from salmonids. In Vitro, 20, 671-676.
9.Roizman B. (1991). Family Herpesviridae. In: Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses, Francki R.I., Fauque C.M., Knudson D.L. & Brown F., eds. Arch. Virol., (Suppl. 2). Springer, New York, USA and Vienna, Austria, 103-110.
10.Suzuki S., Kimura T. & Saneyoshi M. (1986). Characterization of DNA polymerase induced by salmon herpesvirus, Oncorhynchus masou virus. J. Gen. Virol., 67, 405-408.
11.Tanaka M., Yoshimisu M. & Kimura T. (1984). Oncorhynchus masou virus: Pathological changes in masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou), chum salmon (O. keta) and coho salmon (O. Kisutch) fry infected with OMV by immersion method. Bull. Jpn Soc. Scientif. Fisheries, 50, 431-437.
12.Yoshimisu M., Tanaka M. & Kimura T. (1987). Oncorhynchus masou virus (OMV): Incidence of tumor development among experimentally infected representative salmonid species. Fish Pathol., 22, 7-10.
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